Increasing the energy efficiency of sticky soil processing during the operation of excavation and transportation machines

Abstract

The physico-mechanical properties of soil affect the operation of excavation and transportation machines, so they can be considered as a specific system of components of solid mineral particles forming the soil skeleton in various types and conditions. The presence of pores (voids) is characteristic of many construction materials; however, in soil, porosity determines its physical state and, in particular, its mechanical behavior, including shear resistance, rupture under external influences, and other properties. In general, the actual resistance of soil to excavation determines the complexity of its development and the energy efficiency of the process. Therefore, the interaction of the working body of earthmoving machines with the soil is classified into three groups: passive, active, and combined. To reduce the share of energy-intensive processes in soil cutting and movement, it is proposed to consider this classification and actively influence the overall resistance of the soil. This approach allows for the establishment of optimal operating modes for the technological process and ensures increased energy efficiency of earthmoving operations. A significant improvement in the efficiency of excavation and transportation machines is possible with the accurate determination of resistances arising in the working equipment of the machine. It is known that all existing theories of the interaction between the working bodies of earthmoving machines and soil, as well as the determination of resistance in working equipment, are generally based on laboratory studies that consider numerous empirical coefficients. In this regard, these theories enable a more comprehensive study of the interaction process between the working bodies of excavation and transportation machines and the soil in both spatial and temporal aspects.